The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province

Wang Sha

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province

Wang Sha^*

Published in International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 1 August 2024 Accepted: 24 August 2024 Published: 30 August 2024

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Abstract

Hancheng, located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, is an ancient civilized city with a long history and splendid culture. Under the background of the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, many dialects are gradually declining in use, and the Hancheng dialect is the same. Hancheng dialect belongs to Fenhe Piece of Central Plains Mandarin, which has both similarities and differences with Beijing dialect. Hancheng dialect has dentate labial initials [pf pfh f v], while Beijing dialect does not. There are [ʅᴇ] vowels in Hancheng dialect, as well as nasalized vowels such as [ã, ẽ], which are not found in Beijing dialect. Based on this, the author made a field investigation and objective description of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect in order to preserve it. Dialects and Mandarin are both bridges for people to communicate, each playing a unique role. As linguists, we bear the mission to meticulously document certain dialects, turning them into precious cultural heritage to be passed down to future generations. This paper describes the relationship between consonant and vowel in Hancheng dialect, and uses a number of table expressions to concretize it. This can not only provide materials for the study of Shaanxi dialect, but also contribute to the study of folk culture, and contribute to the protection of the diversity of dialects, but also promote the sustainable development of language resources.

Published in	International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
Page(s)	161-170
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Shaanxi, Hancheng Dialect, Dialect, Initials, Finals, Phonological Coordination

1. Introduction

Hancheng is located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, at the junction of Qin and Jin. It borders Yichuan County to the north, Heyang County to the south, Huanglong County to the west, and Xiangning County, Hejin City and Wanrong County of Shanxi Province across the Yellow River to the east.

[1]

The city has jurisdiction over two street offices and six towns, is the birthplace of Shi Taishi Sima Qian, Sima Qian ancestral tomb is in the south of the town of Zhichuan. With a long history and a long history, Hancheng is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, and is known as the "East gate" and "Yellow River pearl" of Shaanxi. It also has the reputation of "Dahongpao Town of Sichuan Pepper", has been among the top 100 counties (cities) in western China for many years, and has been selected as "Top 10 Counties in Shaanxi Province for Economic and Social Development" for five consecutive years.

Hancheng city has a variety of ethnic groups, including Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and other 10 ethnic minorities, of which the Han population is the majority, the minority population accounts for less than one tenth. Within the administrative division, there are three kinds of accents: urban accent, Nanyuan accent and Xiayukou accent. Most people call it urban accent, so we take the discourse spoken by the Han people in urban area as the representative phonology of Hancheng and take it as the object of description and analysis. The main speakers of this survey are: (1) Wang Chengjian, 56 years old, from Zhaocun, Xincheng District, is a junior high school culture, occupation is a farmer, he speaks a very native dialect; (2) Wang Zhenlong, 35 years old, also from Zhaocun, new urban district, is a high school culture, is a freelancer, he speaks dialect is also very authentic. In this survey, we use Wang Chengjian's pronunciation as the standard.

Hancheng dialect belongs to the Zhongyuan Mandarin area, which belongs to the Jiezhou small section of Fenhe Section in the second edition of the Atlas of Chinese Language, and is the transition zone between Zhongyuan Mandarin Guanzhong Section and Fenhe section.

[2]

Bai Dizhou

[3]

, Annals of Hancheng City and Dialects

[1]

, Ru Gang

[4]

, Yu Yongmin

[5]

, Huang Shan

[6]

, Liu Xiaoyan

[7]

, Sun Lixin

[8]

, Xia Qing

[9]

, Liu Sanli

[10]

, Xing Xiangdong, Wang Linhui, Zhang Weijia, Li Xiaoping

[11]

, Qiugu Yuxing, Xu Pengbiao

[12]

, Wang Sha and Xiao Jiugen

[13]

, Wang Sha

[14]

and other predecessors described, discussed and compared the problems of pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect, but no scholars have conducted in-depth research on the rhyme coordination of Hancheng dialect, which leaves room for us to study. In the article "Shaanxi Hancheng Phonetic System and its Characteristics", we have analyzed the initial consonants, vowels and tone system of Hancheng dialect, and have analyzed their characteristics, this paper will analyze the consonants and vowels in detail.

[14]

Hancheng dialect has a total of 28 initials, which are: p pʰ m pf pfʰ f v t tʰ n l ts tsʰ s z tʂ tʂʰ ʂ ʐ tɕ tɕʰ ȵ ɕ k kʰ ŋ x ∅; There are 39 finals in total, which are: ɿ ʅ i u y a ia ua ya ʅᴇ iᴇ yᴇ ə uə yə ai uai ei uei au iau əu iəu ã iã uã yã ẽ iẽ uẽ yẽ aŋ iaŋ uaŋ əŋ iəŋ uəŋ yəŋ uoŋ. There are four types of tone, respectively: Yin Ping 31, Yang Ping 35, Shang Sheng 53, and Qu Sheng 44. We divide the initial consonants of Hancheng dialect into seven categories according to the oral position of pronunciation, which are: [p pʰ m], [pf pfʰ f v], [t tʰ n l], [ts tsʰ s z], [tʂ tʂʰ ʂ ʐ], [ʨ ʨʰ ȵ ɕ], [k kʰ ŋ x] and [Ø]. Place initial consonants in the leftmost line of the table, and vowels in turn on the top line of the table. The crossed part of the table is the text that is combined with initial consonants and vowels, and the blank part is that the initial consonants and vowels cannot be combined. The paper uses the International phonetic Alphabet to mark the sound, and the tone is marked by five degrees. For convenience, the value of the tone is expressed in Arabic digits, and the one with "白" in the lower right corner is the voice, and the one with "文" is the reading sound.

2. The Phonological Coordination Relationship

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Figure 1. Phonological coordination table.

[15]

)坏[xa³¹]: Scoundrel.|阿[a⁴⁴]: ~家The husband's family.

①[ʦɿ³⁵]: A derogatory term for Shouting.②[ʦʰɿ³¹]: Stupid.③[pa³⁵]: The male reproductive organs.④[pfʰa⁵³]: Grab by the hand.⑤[va³⁵]: Pinch it back and forth with your hands.⑥[ʦʰa⁵³]: ~利Work very quickly.⑦[sa⁴⁴]: Sparse.⑧[tʂa⁵³]: Here.⑨[ʂa⁴⁴]: Left, left out.

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Figure 1. Continued.

①[pia³¹]: Affix.②[pia⁵³]: The sound of gunfire.③[pʰia³¹]: A verb that describes being messy.④[pʰia⁵³]: Wrestling.⑤[tia⁵³]: 脑~下Keep your head down.⑥[ya³¹]: cistern; Puddle quantifier.⑦[tʂʰʅᴇ³⁵]: Be quiet and calm.⑧[ʂʅᴇ³⁵]: Reduce portions.⑨[pʰiᴇ³⁵]: ~他谁Who else.

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Figure 1. Continued.

①[pfə⁵³]: Verb, to grasp with the hand. ②[tʂuə⁴⁴]: Stir up trouble. ③[tʂʰuə³¹]: Sweep the floor with a broom. ④[ʐuə⁴⁴]: ~活Act and live together. ⑤[tɕʰyə⁵³]: Wrestling. ⑥[pai³⁵]: Chat, derogatory. ⑦[pfai⁵³]: Good quality, strong. ⑧[tai⁵³]: [mau³¹]~ What you say when you play hide-and-seek with a baby. ⑨[tʰai³⁵]: Storage makes it difficult to find. ⑩[tei³⁵]: Collision. ⑪ [tsʰei⁵³]: Verb, shovel. ⑫ [ŋei³¹]: ~住Hold by hand.

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Figure 1. Continued.

①[sau³⁵]: Take an inattentive look. ②[sau⁴⁴]: Angry. ③[tʂau³⁵]: ~活啦Something bad happened. ④[ʐau⁴⁴]: Light pricks one's eyes. ⑤[kau³⁵]: ~[ti³¹]啦Come on. ⑥[xau³¹]: Dry short time. ⑦[miəu³⁵]: The consonant of "no". ⑧[vã³⁵]: Dirty. ⑨[tã⁴⁴]: Bumpy. ⑩[sã³⁵]: Do STH together. ⑪ [tʂʰã⁵³]: ~活Comfy.

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Figure 1. Continued.

①[kuã³⁵]: ~ [kəu³¹tsɿ⁰] Snail. ②[uã⁴⁴]: Go around the other side.③[tɕyã⁵³]: Scold.

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Figure 1. Continued.

①[taŋ³⁵]: Verb, to lean one object against another.②[naŋ³¹]: 肤~~的Meaty.③[tsaŋ³⁵]: ~了几嘴Just a few bites of food.④[tsəŋ³⁵]: Get something at no cost or effort.⑤[iəŋ⁵³]: 圪~圪~的To describe having no idea what to do.

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Figure 1. Continued.

空[kʰuəŋ³¹]: Vacant.|空[kʰuəŋ⁴⁴]: 没~ There is no time.

①[tɕʰyəŋ⁵³]: ~团A pasta dish made from flour.

3. Consonant and Vowel Coordination Instructions

The initial consonants of Hancheng dialect are divided into seven categories according to the pronunciation position, and the vowels are classified according to the open mouth articulation, even teeth articulation, closed mouth articulation and rounded mouth articulation.. The coordination of initial consonants and vowels in Hancheng dialect can be summarized as follows:

1. The sound [p pʰ m] can be spelled with the vowel of open mouth articulation, even teeth articulation, and closed mouth articulation, but not with rounded mouth articulation;

2. The sound [pf pfʰ f v] can be spelled with the vowel of open mouth articulation and closed mouth articulation but not with Even teeth articulation, and rounded mouth articulation;

3. The sound [t tʰ n l] can be spelled with the vowel of open mouth articulation, even teeth articulation and closed mouth articulation, but not with rounded mouth articulation;

4. The sound [ts tsʰ s z] can be spelled with the vowel of open mouth articulation and closed mouth articulation, but not with rounded mouth articulation;

5. The sound [tʂ tʂʰ ʂ ʐ] can be matched with the vowel of open mouth articulation and closed mouth articulation, but not with even teeth articulation and rounded mouth articulation;

6. The sound [ʨ ʨʰ ȵ ɕ] can be combined with the vowel of Even teeth articulation and rounded mouth articulation, but cannot be combined with open mouth articulation and closed mouth articulation;

7. The sound [k kʰ ŋ x] can be matched with the vowel of open mouth articulation and closed mouth articulation, but not with even teeth articulation and rounded mouth articulation;

8. Zero initials can exist before open mouth articulation, even teeth articulation, closed mouth articulation and rounded mouth articulation, that is, all four calls have zero initials.

4. Conclusions

Mandarin belongs to the common language, dialects belong to the local language. Both Hancheng dialect and Putonghua belong to northern Mandarin, and there is more consistency in pronunciation, but there are also many differences, which can be seen from the content of the table. As a national language, Putonghua can eliminate language barriers between regions and is an important tool for spreading Chinese culture, which is very important for economic cooperation, social development and interpersonal communication But dialect is also indispensable, it is an important part of regional culture, is the "identity card" of the Chinese nation, is the spiritual link to our national emotions. At this stage, due to the vigorous promotion of Putonghua, many dialects have gradually disappeared. As linguists, what we can do is to try our best to preserve dialects, so as not to lose the dialects that connect the national emotional bond. In this way, we can contribute to the preservation of dialect diversity in the context of promoting Mandarin, while promoting the sustainable development of language resources.

Author Contributions

Wang Sha is the sole author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

This work is supported by the Social Science Foundation project of Shaanxi Province, "A Comparative Study on Phonology of Guanzhong Dialect and Bianluo Dialect" (Grant No. 2023K007), and the pilot training project of Shaanxi Normal University, "A Comparative Study on the Physical Features of Shaanxi Dialect" (Grant No. LHRCTS23042).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

[1]	Han Chengzhi Compilation Committee. Annals of Hancheng City [M]. Xi'an: Sanqin Publishing House, 1991.
[2]	Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Language Atlas of China (2nd Ed.) [M]. Beijing: The Commercial Press. 2012.
[3]	Bai Dizhou. Investigation Report of Guanzhong Dialect [M], Compiled by Yu Shichang. Beijing: Special Issue of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 6, 1954.
[4]	Ru Gang. Phonological Features of Hancheng Dialect [J]. Journal of Northwest University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 1997. (03).
[5]	YU Yongmin. Study on the Phonology of Hancheng Dialect [D]. Master's Thesis of Shaanxi Normal University. 2008.
[6]	Huang Shan. Research on the Overlapping of Hancheng Dialect [D]. Master's Thesis of Shaanxi Normal University. 2008.
[7]	Liu Xiaoyan. A Brief Analysis on the Figurative Characteristics of Shaanxi Hancheng Dialect Vocabulary [J]. Modern Chinese (Language Research Edition), 2010(09).
[8]	Sun Lixin. Homophones of Hancheng Dialect [J]. Journal of Xianyang Normal University, 2011, 26(01). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-2914.2011.01.010
[9]	Xia Qing. On the Evolution of Phonetics from Hancheng Dialect [J]. Literary Circle (Theoretical Edition), 2011(09).
[10]	Liu Sanli. Analysis on the Syntactic Sentence Pattern of "把" and "叫" in Hancheng Dialect [J]. Journal of Weinan Normal University, 2011, 26(01). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1009-5128.2011.01.024
[11]	Xing Xiangdong, Wang Linhui, Zhang Weijia, Li Xiaoping. A Comparative Study on Dialects Near the Yellow River in Qin and Jin Provinces [M]. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2012.
[12]	Qiugu Yuxing, Xu Pengbiao. Investigation and Research on Hancheng Dialect [M]. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 2016.
[13]	Wang Sha, Xiao Jiugen. The Phonetic System of Hancheng in Shaanxi Province and Its Characteristics [J]. Science Innovation, 020(08). https://doi.org/10.11648/j.si.20200801.14
[14]	Wang Sha. A Study on Aspectual System of Shaanxi Hancheng Dialect [D]. Master's Thesis of Jiangxi Normal University. 2021.
[15]	Xiong Zhenghui. Types of ts and tʂ in Mandarin Dialects [J]. Dialects, 1990 (01).

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Sha, W. (2024). The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 12(4), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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Sha, W. The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2024, 12(4), 161-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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Sha W. The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. Int J Lang Linguist. 2024;12(4):161-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12,
  author = {Wang Sha},
  title = {The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province
},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {161-170},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20241204.12},
  abstract = {Hancheng, located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, is an ancient civilized city with a long history and splendid culture. Under the background of the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, many dialects are gradually declining in use, and the Hancheng dialect is the same. Hancheng dialect belongs to Fenhe Piece of Central Plains Mandarin, which has both similarities and differences with Beijing dialect. Hancheng dialect has dentate labial initials [pf pfh f v], while Beijing dialect does not. There are [ʅᴇ] vowels in Hancheng dialect, as well as nasalized vowels such as [ã, ẽ], which are not found in Beijing dialect. Based on this, the author made a field investigation and objective description of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect in order to preserve it. Dialects and Mandarin are both bridges for people to communicate, each playing a unique role. As linguists, we bear the mission to meticulously document certain dialects, turning them into precious cultural heritage to be passed down to future generations. This paper describes the relationship between consonant and vowel in Hancheng dialect, and uses a number of table expressions to concretize it. This can not only provide materials for the study of Shaanxi dialect, but also contribute to the study of folk culture, and contribute to the protection of the diversity of dialects, but also promote the sustainable development of language resources.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province

AU  - Wang Sha
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
SP  - 161
EP  - 170
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
AB  - Hancheng, located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, is an ancient civilized city with a long history and splendid culture. Under the background of the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, many dialects are gradually declining in use, and the Hancheng dialect is the same. Hancheng dialect belongs to Fenhe Piece of Central Plains Mandarin, which has both similarities and differences with Beijing dialect. Hancheng dialect has dentate labial initials [pf pfh f v], while Beijing dialect does not. There are [ʅᴇ] vowels in Hancheng dialect, as well as nasalized vowels such as [ã, ẽ], which are not found in Beijing dialect. Based on this, the author made a field investigation and objective description of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect in order to preserve it. Dialects and Mandarin are both bridges for people to communicate, each playing a unique role. As linguists, we bear the mission to meticulously document certain dialects, turning them into precious cultural heritage to be passed down to future generations. This paper describes the relationship between consonant and vowel in Hancheng dialect, and uses a number of table expressions to concretize it. This can not only provide materials for the study of Shaanxi dialect, but also contribute to the study of folk culture, and contribute to the protection of the diversity of dialects, but also promote the sustainable development of language resources.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Wang Sha

College of Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China

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APA Style

Sha, W. (2024). The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 12(4), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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ACS Style

Sha, W. The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2024, 12(4), 161-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

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AMA Style

Sha W. The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province. Int J Lang Linguist. 2024;12(4):161-170. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12,
  author = {Wang Sha},
  title = {The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province
},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {161-170},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20241204.12},
  abstract = {Hancheng, located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, is an ancient civilized city with a long history and splendid culture. Under the background of the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, many dialects are gradually declining in use, and the Hancheng dialect is the same. Hancheng dialect belongs to Fenhe Piece of Central Plains Mandarin, which has both similarities and differences with Beijing dialect. Hancheng dialect has dentate labial initials [pf pfh f v], while Beijing dialect does not. There are [ʅᴇ] vowels in Hancheng dialect, as well as nasalized vowels such as [ã, ẽ], which are not found in Beijing dialect. Based on this, the author made a field investigation and objective description of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect in order to preserve it. Dialects and Mandarin are both bridges for people to communicate, each playing a unique role. As linguists, we bear the mission to meticulously document certain dialects, turning them into precious cultural heritage to be passed down to future generations. This paper describes the relationship between consonant and vowel in Hancheng dialect, and uses a number of table expressions to concretize it. This can not only provide materials for the study of Shaanxi dialect, but also contribute to the study of folk culture, and contribute to the protection of the diversity of dialects, but also promote the sustainable development of language resources.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Phonological Coordination Relationship of Hancheng Dialect in Shaanxi Province

AU  - Wang Sha
Y1  - 2024/08/30
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
SP  - 161
EP  - 170
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20241204.12
AB  - Hancheng, located in the northeast corner of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi Province, is an ancient civilized city with a long history and splendid culture. Under the background of the vigorous promotion of Mandarin, many dialects are gradually declining in use, and the Hancheng dialect is the same. Hancheng dialect belongs to Fenhe Piece of Central Plains Mandarin, which has both similarities and differences with Beijing dialect. Hancheng dialect has dentate labial initials [pf pfh f v], while Beijing dialect does not. There are [ʅᴇ] vowels in Hancheng dialect, as well as nasalized vowels such as [ã, ẽ], which are not found in Beijing dialect. Based on this, the author made a field investigation and objective description of the pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar of Hancheng dialect in order to preserve it. Dialects and Mandarin are both bridges for people to communicate, each playing a unique role. As linguists, we bear the mission to meticulously document certain dialects, turning them into precious cultural heritage to be passed down to future generations. This paper describes the relationship between consonant and vowel in Hancheng dialect, and uses a number of table expressions to concretize it. This can not only provide materials for the study of Shaanxi dialect, but also contribute to the study of folk culture, and contribute to the protection of the diversity of dialects, but also promote the sustainable development of language resources.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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